A. This winter, the average temperature in the northeastern United States was 2 degrees warmer than it had been in the previous five years. These measurements prove that climate change is occurring and warrants immediate global intervention to stop it.
B. Many of the children between ages 1 and 2 who are diagnosed each year with autism have been recently immunized with the combination measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. This vaccine is therefore likely to be a cause of autism.
C. Students living in inner cities consistently receive lower grades on standardized tests of reading and math than similarly aged students who live in the suburbs outside the city. These results indicate that students who reside in cities have a lower IQ than those living in the more affluent suburbs.
D. Scientists use gene-editing tools to knock out gene X in virus Y. This genetically modified virus is no longer able to infect human cells in a test tube. Introducing gene X back into virus Y restores its infectious abilities. The findings indicate that gene X is essential for virus Y to infect humans and could be a useful target for antiviral drugs.
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