A major research study is published in a peer-reviewed journal that demonstrates an increased incidence of cancer in people who live in cities close to overhead electrical wires, compared to people who live farther away from these power lines. The results are statistically significant and are widely disseminated in articles by respected media outlets. The news spreads fear around the world that very low-level electromagnetic fields, to which we are all commonly exposed, are dangerous for human health.
Which of the following statements would be a valid conclusion based on the science?
A. The conclusion that all people who live close to power lines will have increased cancer rates must be correct because this research was published in a reputable journal and passed peer review.
B. The findings of increased cancer rates must not be correct because physicists cannot explain how the weak electromagnetic fields from power lines could affect biological systems.
C. The findings of increased cancer rates will not be sufficient to prompt cities to move electric power lines until independent scientists can conduct studies that eliminate other possible reasons for the increased cancer incidence found in this one study.
D. The findings of increased cancer rates should be ignored because it would be very expensive for cities to relocate their power lines.
Click on this link to access answers, including feedback for both correct and incorrect student choices.